It must be realized, that the amount of the Vita­min in fruits and vegetables varies greatly with the season of the year, the variety of the fruit or vegetable, its age and even the portion which is eaten — for example, a greater concentration of the vitamin is usually found in or next to the skin than in the pulp of the fruit, but in such vegetables as potatoes and spinach the vitamin remains constant throughout the growth period.

Recommended Dietary Allowances (R.D.A.) of ascorbic acid -Vitamin C for Australians — 1965 revision

Aged 18 to 75 years Aged 18 to 75 years Pregnant — 4 to 9 months Nursing mothers V% to 1 year

Men Women

Infants

Children 1 to 3 years

Boys      3 to 11 years 11 to 14 years 15 to 18 years

Girls     3 to 11 years 11 to 14 years 15 to 18 years

30 milligrams 30 milligrams 80 milligrams 100 milligrams 30 milligrams 30 milligrams 30 milligrams 40 milligrams 50 milligrams 30 milligrams 40 milligrams 50 milligrams per day per day per day per day per day per day per day per day per day per day per day per day

Although the Recommended Daily Allowance of Vitamin C varies in different countries from 30 to 60 milli­grams a day, the actual needs of the body vary widely from person to person and with the circumstances of their life.

For some unknown reason women seem able to get along well with less than men.

This small amount of Vitamin C will certainly prevent scurvy from developing, but much more is needed in order to resist and combat infections and the poisons that abound in our environment; to meet demands of stress or injury; to hasten healing of wounds; to prevent arthrosclerosis and thrombosis and to ensure strong bones and teeth.

Dr Albert Szent-Gyorgi who, in 1928, first separated actual Vitamin C from the plant and animal tissues in which it occurs — for which he received a Nobel Prize — has this to say about the optimum amount of Vitamin C to take for good health.

‘As to ascorbic acid, right from the beginning I felt that the medical profession misled the public. If you don’t take ascorbic acid with your food you get scurvy, so the medical profession said that if you don’t get scurvy you are all right. I think this is a very grave error. Scurvy is not the first sign of the deficiency, but a pre-mortal syndrome (a condition just before death) and for full health you need much more.

‘I am taking, myself, about 1 gram a day. This does not mean that this is really the optimum dose, because we do not know what full health really means and how much ascorbic acid you need for it.

‘What I can tell you is that you can take any amount of ascorbic acid without the least danger.’

The optimum intake of ascorbic acid is not known because it differs with each person and with different cir­cumstances and from day to day.

It is acknowledged that growing boys and girls, preg­nant women and nursing mothers need more than others, but elderly people, because of slow absorption, need above average also. Let us take 1000 mg instead of 30 mg as a good daily average to keep normal healthy people healthy and normal in the inevitable exigencies of life.

Linus Pauling agrees with him. He states in his book, Vitamin C and the Common Cold —

‘First, for good health I recommend the ingestion of an adequate amount of ascorbic acid. I estimate that for many people 1 gram to 2 grams (1000 mg to 2000 mg) per day is approximately the optimum rate of ingestion.’ Best taken at intervals during the day.

One of the main features of Vitamin C is that it is non-toxic and large doses can be taken by mouth for long periods without ill effects, and large doses can be injected as sodium ascorbate when occasion demands, such as when the acid itself causes gastric irritation, diarrhoea or fre­quency and burning of urine. These symptoms occur in some sensitive individuals when too large doses are taken to begin with, or on an empty stomach.

If the dosage is built up gradually for the person who is not used to taking more than 50 milligrams a day — say by 250 milligrams a day for several days, then by 500 mg a day till the desired dose is reached, effects will not be noticed.

Vitamin C must always be taken in relation to a meal. Tablets swallowed whole ‘on an empty stomach’ can pass straight through and irritate the small bowel.
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Extra Vitamin C is now advised before and after surgery as a routine in many hospitals.

The healing of injured tissues, cuts, burns, broken bones with the formation of scar tissue is hastened by ample Vitamin C. When deficient, healing is slow and after surgery sutures will often break down. 8. Vitamin C plays an important role in controlling too rapid oxidation in tissue cells and actually pro­motes the constant flow of many enzyme reactions especially in such glands as the pituitary, the adrenals and the ovaries; in the brain, the eyes, especially the lens, and other vital organs.

Vitamin C is used up in helping the body to over­come any strain or stress which depletes the adrenal glands.

Taking the ‘Pill’ so upsets the balance of glands in the body that it constitutes a chemical stress. So much Vitamin C is lost that women on the pill often become severely deficient in Vitamin C.

9. The vitamin is also important in digestion and utilization of the food elements — carbohydrates, proteins and fats and in the production of insulin in the pan­creas.

When diabetics take their Vitamin C they actually improve the effectiveness of their insulin injections.

10. Vitamin C is also essential to the normal functioning of the nervous system and in stabilizing the chemical pro­cesses going on in the brain.

Treatment of mental disorders such as schizophre­nia depends on Vitamin C also to overcome the defi­ciency in Niacin (B3) or of Pyridoxine (B6) and Zinc, that are the root causes of the mental symptoms.

11. Last, but not least, Vitamin C is the great detoxifier. Ascorbic acid neutralizes any poisons introduced into the body but is itself used up in the process.

Dr F. Klenner has proved its efficacy in combating the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning, snake bite, the stings of many insects and the deathly black widow spider, even over-doses of poisonous drugs.

Klenner has written records of his cases and details of his exact technique and dosage in numerous papers.

Ascorbic acid has not yet been tried in high doses in Australia for our snake bite or deadly sea wasps.

Vitamin C could indeed be a first line of defense when antivenine or antiserum is not at hand or im­mediately available. In any case, it could tide a victim over until these antidotes were obtained.

Ampoules of injectible Vitamin C (sodium ascor-bate) for intra-muscular (or intravenous if a doctor was at hand) could save a life as a part of the Emergency Medical Kit used in outlying bush areas and in Lifesaver’s Clubhouses on our beaches. 12. A sufficiency of Vitamin C enables the body to store folic acid which is necessary for normal blood and prevention of pernicious anaemia.

It also plays an essential part in the absorption of iron in the digestive tract and its storage in the bone marrow.

A relative deficiency of Vitamin C is thus one factor in causing both iron deficiency anaemia and pernici­ous anaemia.

The question is often asked ‘Is synthetic ascorbic acid that you buy at the chemist or health food shops as good as the natural Vitamin C that occurs in fruits and vegetables?’

Yes, ascorbic acid is Vitamin C in its pure form, and is no different from that occurring in natural foods.

However, the ascorbic acid in fruits, vegetables and some other foods is often more effective in the body be­cause in nature it is combined with other vitamins and trace elements that enhance its action.’

Vitamins never occur singly in nature. For example, an orange contains bioflavinoid in its pith and some Vitamin A in its juice. Green leafy vegetables provide not only some Vitamin C but also some Vitamin A and are rich in the B

Vitamins including folic acid. Yeast contains most of the B Vitamins.

Each of the natural products we use are good combines of several vitamins and/or minerals that the body needs in its complex metabolism, and each vitamin improves the action of the others.

The trouble is that vitamins are easily destroyed and by the time we get many foods on our plates much of the vitamin content has been lost. Vitamin C in particular is very quickly destroyed by exposure to the oxygen in the air, by heat, by keeping and by bruising of fruits and vegetables. We can, therefore, not rely on obtaining the amounts of C listed in the food charts.

This is why some synthetic ascorbic acid is advised along with the natural source, particularly as we are sub­jected to many pollutants and infections. Thus we need far greater amounts of Vitamin C to maintain our health than we can obtain only from our orange drinks, fruits and salads; and so, along with all the Vitamin C rich foods we can conveniently eat in our civilized life, we do need some synthetic ascorbic acid as well.

If we lived, as many native peoples do, in small tropical villages that grow all their own food and eat it as soon as it is picked, we would scarcely need supplements of Vitamin C.

Drs Dettman and Kalokerinos took the opportunity while in Fiji to contact many native villages to discuss their diet and, with the consent of the people, to test the actual food eaten every day for its Vitamin C content. They esti­mated that the villagers took from 2 grams to 8 grams of C a day — sometimes more — depending on the season.

Dr Dettman testing a day’s appetizing, apparently nut­ritious meals of packaged, take away and restaurant foods for Vitamin C found 5mg of C only — and that was in a prawn cocktail. Even the fruit salad — evidently cut the day before and stored, or from a tin, had no Vitamin C left in it.

Other researchers — Drs Woodhill and Nobile — found that take-away foods, restaurant dishes and even Meals on Wheels contained practically no C by the time it was actually eaten.
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Various marks can be present on a baby’s skin from birth, and most of these will fade with time. Certain types of birthmarks which do not disappear can now be lightened using specialised laser techniques when the child grows older. Your doctor will be able to give you specific advice.

Salmon patches (stork bites)

These are pale pink, flat marks which are seen at birth over the baby’s forehead, on the bridge of the nose, on the eyelids, or on the back of the neck. They are very common and most will fade completely with time, leaving no marks after a year or two. Salmon patches on the nape of the neck take a little longer to fade, and sometimes remain throughout adult life.

Strawberry haemangiomas

These are caused by dilated blood vessels, and are usually small at birth. As the baby grows they may start to enlarge, and take on a raised, lumpy appearance. After a year these marks will start to shrink and most will disappear by the time the child is 10 years old.

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“Alone? What are you suggesting? That we old people touch

ourselves? That’s sick.”

It isn’t sick and it has nothing to do with mental or physical illness. You might—and many people do—think that it is wrong to masturbate, to stimulate yourself sexually. If you feel it is wrong, then it would not be something enjoyable, and doing things which are not enjoyable is not good for your overall health. But let’s not stop being honest here. The older you get, the less easy it may be to find partners to hold, to kiss, to cuddle, to have sex with if you want. One important option is to maintain sexual self-stimulation if you want to. It is something that people do, children and babies do. It is part of sexual living.

    ”I just can’t see having intercourse at my age.”

Who said anything about having intercourse? That, too, is an option. We should not just equate sex with intercourse. Touching, holding hands, being close, kissing are important sexual behaviors. All life is a cycle. Our teenagers should learn that all sex is not intercourse. They should be able to touch, to hold, and so should you if you want to. I’m just talking about your rights, not a list of sex assignments.

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    The Misunderstood

If I say faster, he goes so fast it burns. If I say slower, it’s like no movement at all. If I say stop, he keeps going too long or stops too fast. If I say go, he goes wrong. I don’t know. I’m just too fussy I guess.

WIFE

This is the wife who seldom feels understood in her expressions of sexual need. If she wants to be touched faster, she ends up being touched slower. If she wants soft, she gets hard. She feels that “if he really loved me he would know what to do” instead of “if I really love him I will teach and teach until he learns.” It sometimes surprised me how patient couples would be with their children and how impatient they would be with each other. All learning takes time, and sexual learning takes about seventy-five years. Even then, you are just beginning.

The Target

I feel like one of those blow-up dolls. He moves me around like a pillow, does it to me. Next time he wants to do it doggy style, I’ll just bark. Maybe I’ll sit up and beg. Maybe that will please him.

WIFE

This is the wife who feels that her husband’s pelvic thrusts are “aimed” at her rather than “shared” with her. Wives in this category reported being trapped under their husbands, propped up on top of them, or “attacked” from behind. They did not feel that intercourse was a dance, but more of a sparring match with her being the sparring partner. There was little sense of identity, even in the limited sense of “The Piece” who felt she was just “any woman.” “The Target” feels a loss of personhood.

The Caretaker

I’m the dorm mother—three kids, one husband, two dogs, one gerbil. I like the gerbil best. He puts out less crap than all the rest put together, literally.

WIFE

This wife has abandoned her sexual role and identity in favor of providing what she perceives to be “the rest” of her husband’s needs. She picks up after him, cleans for him, takes his messages, and sees to it that he enjoys his life. She may attempt to provide him with sex as just another of his daily living needs, but primarily she has infantilized her husband to such an extent that she feels she is parenting an adult child.

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I help my couples calculate a percentage so they can see what could be compared to what actually is. Watch out for the argument that “it is not how much time but quality time that counts.” That argument has never been a valid one, either in raising a marriage or in raising children. Both quality and quantity are required to nurture a marriage to super marital sex.

Divide your total MIMs by the 1,800 weekly available MIMs. For example, if you estimated a total of 180 MIMs for your marriage, after subtraction of the TV penalty factor, you would divide the 180 minutes by 1,800 for a “Marital Investment Quotient” of Þ percent. By the way, if you were near 10 percent, congratulations! The average MIQ of my thousand couples was less than 1 percent!

Actually, only 732 couples provided data for their MIMs, because I did not start using this test until some months into the program. Now that I have used this test with more than 5,000 couples in the clinic, the average is still less than 1 percent.

How do you and your partner compare? Take a look at each item of the test, including the penalty factor for TV, and discuss where MIMs are lost or gained. Does your investment of time reflect your priority for this marriage, or some out-of-control obligatory life-style robbing your marriage of its potential intimacy?

One last point about MIMs. There were thirty-five couples seen in the clinic program who were having affairs with one another. That is, they came to the clinic and, while married to someone else, wanted help with a sexual problem they were having in their affair. While there are several issues to examine in such cases, it is interesting to note that the average Affair Investment Quotient was 83 percent, based on the average available time of 120 minutes together per week. When these people were together, they were together! Being together was their whole purpose. One percent vs. 83 percent. And we wonder why extramarital sex (Type I) is so popular? Of course, I am using these numbers in exaggerated fashion and the mathematics are far from statistically valid. The point is clear, however, that time put in to the American marriage may be far less than needed for fulfilling intimacy.

Bonus: You deserve credit for purchasing this book and reading this far. Add into your calculations any minutes you are spending discussing with your spouse the issues raised. Did your spouse respond when you called to discuss the couple given the second chance? Add that time in, too. Minutes spent in therapy for your marriage do not count as bonus time, but any time spent implementing the suggestions or ideas coming from your therapy sessions give you extra bonus minutes.

You will have to make choices, not just lists. You will have to choose intimacy and super marital sex, because our society places marital time at the bottom of our priority list. You will never find the time. You must make it.

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Calcium is the mainstay of treatment but, used alone, it only slows the rate of bone resorption.

One way of improving its effect is to combine calcium with fluoride in large doses and this treatment seems to lead to active bone replacement.

The calcium and fluoride can be given by mouth and injections are not necessary.

One way of determining the extent of the thinning and also of measuring the response to treatment, is to X-ray the head of the femur and to note the crossing lines of bone known as trabeculae. These decrease in number as the bone thins.

The degree of osteoporosis can be measured by taking X-rays of the bones.

Osteomalacia is a similar disorder of bone, where the protein matrix is laid down as normal but there is a reduction in the deposition of calcium salts.

This leads to softening of the bone, so that it may bend and show deformities.

Osteomalacia is the adult form of rickets.

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Colds and, indeed, most respiratory infections are highly contagious, spreading easily from person to person.

The incubation period is short, from one to three days. The symptoms are so well known as hardly to need describing, but for those few readers who are fortunate enough to escape colds I will outline the most important ones:

A slight fever, mild headache and aches and pains are associated with a blocked or runny nose.

The throat becomes thick or ‘scratchy’.

Initially the discharge from the nose is clear, but then becomes thickened with pus due to a secondary bacterial infection.

The infection may spread to the sinuses or to the middle-ear.

It may spread down to the lower respiratory tract and involve the trachea or windpipe and the bronchial tubes.

Despite the marvels of modern medicine, the only effective treatment for a cold is the same advice your grandmother may offer.

Go to bed for a day or two, keep warm, have a hot lemon drink and a couple of aspirin or paracetamol. Whisky or rum is an optional extra, and although I don’t believe in alcohol’s medicinal benefit, it might make you feel better in your misery.

A cough suppressant is helpful at night if coughing keeps you or others awake.

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